An Implementation Guide for Small & Medium-Sized Organizations

Content :

Introduction . I

Section I: Why Your Organization Should Have an EMS……………… 3
Section 2: Key EMS Concepts ………………………………………..6
Section 3: Step-by-Step Action Plan …………………………………..8
Section 4: Key Elements of an EMS II
Section 5: The Registration Process ……………………………………56
Section 6: Sources of Assistance ………………………………………63

Appendices

Appendix A - Case Studies
Milan Screw Products ………………………………………………..65
Hach Company ………………………………………………………70
Appendix B - Background on ISO 14000 and Other EMS Standards ….75
Appendix C - Sources of Information and Other Contacts ……………..80
Glossary of Acronyms ………………………………………………..89
Bibliography ………………………………………………………….90
Appendix D - Tool Kit
Sample Environmental Policies ………………………………………..92
Sample Process Flow Chart ………………………………………….96

Descriptions of Environmental Aspect Identification Techniques ……….98
Sample Procedure: Environmental Aspects Identification ……………..100
Resources for Tracking Environmental Laws and Regulations …………104
Sample Procedure: Tracking Environmental Laws and Regulations ……106
Worksheet: Setting Objectives and Targets ……………………………109
Sample Procedure: Setting Objectives and Targets ……………………113
Sample Tool: Environmental Management Program ……………………116
Sample Schedule for EMS Action Plan ………………………………118
Responsibility Matrix …………………………………………………120
Environmental Training Log ……………………………………………123
Sample Procedure: Internal Communications……………………………125
Sample Procedure: Communications with External Parties ………………128
Sample Document Index ………………………………………………131
Outline of Sample EMS Manual, Other Documents ……………………133
Sample Procedure: Document Control …………………………………135
Sample Procedure: Corrective Action (Includes Tracking Log) …………139
Environmental Records Organizer ………………………………………144
Sample Procedure: EMS Audits ………………………………………..148
Sample Procedure: Management Review ……………………………….154

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Fully Networked Car workshop addresses climate change

The third edition of the Fully Networked Car workshop, organized in partnership by ISO, IEC and ITU on 5-7 March at the Geneva International Motor Show 2008, focused on standards that will facilitate the convergence of information and communication technologies (ICT) in motor vehicles, as well as addressing this year's special theme of climate change.

ITU Secretary General, Dr. Hamadoun I. Touré, commented in his presentation at the opening of the workshop: “Today, ICTs are an integral part of keeping vehicles on our roads safe and secure… This merging of technology requires that the World Standard Cooperation partners, ITU, ISO and IEC, take into account each other’s work and co-operate at points of technological interface so that manufacturers can use our standards to deliver a final product to customers that functions as expected.”

At the opening session, ISO Secretary-General Alan Bryden stated (see full speech): “This event is the opportunity to underline that innovation and standardization go hand in hand and how ICT support progress in the performance, safety and functionalities of transportation, It also shows how the collaboration between ISO, IEC and ITU optimizes the channeling of world expertise and best practices into globally relevant international standards.”

He indicated that ISO has been directly associated with three major, recent meetings of global significance:

• the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in Bali in December 2007 which gave an opportunity for highlighting the contribution of the ISO 14000 series on environmental management, particularly the ISO 14064 and ISO 14065 standards relating to the accounting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions
• the 2nd UN Stakeholders Forum on Global Road Safety in April 2007. ISO has recently decided to embark on the development of a road safety management system standard that will provide public services and private companies operating fleets of vehicles, including transportation services, freight and car rentals, with a specific and globally recognized framework for improving road safety
• the 2008 meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland in January, which focused on the “power of collaborative innovation”.

Jack Sheldon, on behalf of IEC General Secretary Aharon Amit, declared: “The IEC – and this applies equally to ISO and the ITU – has an ongoing commitment to provide the market with timely and relevant standards. This commitment embraces a vast spectrum of industries, and automobiles are a significant part of the market. This workshop is an opportunity to study who wants what and who needs to work with whom to provide integrated systems for networked cars”.

The main purpose of the workshop is to establish a constructive dialogue among market stakeholders and identify how standards help the the motor industry to make vehicles more efficient and safer, with lower impact on the environment.

A feature of this year's Fully Networked Car exhibition is the Honda Racing F1 Team’s new Formula-1 “Earthdreams ” car whose design emphasizes environmental features and points towards green automotive technologies of the future. (source www.iso.org)

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Climate change

International Standards practical tools for addressing climate change

Out of a current total of more than 17 000 ISO normative documents, some 570 are environment-related, including recent standards specifically developed to support greenhouse gas (GHG) emission accounting, claim verification and trading.

ISO standards offer practical tools for addressing climate change at four levels.

• Monitoring climate change
• Quantifying GHG emissions and communication on environmental impacts
• Promoting good practice in environmental management and design
• Opening world markets for energy efficient technologies

1. Monitoring climate change

ISO technical committee ISO/TC 211 develops standards on geographic information and geomatics. It collaborates, among other partners, with the:

• United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) on standards for satellite mapping and data acquisition and processing;
• World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on standards for meteorological and climatological data.

2. Quantifying GHG emissions and communicating on environmental impacts

Quantifying

The newly developed standards ISO 14064 and ISO 14065 provide an internationally agreed framework for measuring GHG emissions and verifying claims made about them so that "a tonne of carbon is always a tonne of carbon". They thus support programmes to reduce GHG emissions and also emissions trading programmes. ISO 14064 is emerging as the global benchmark on which to base such programmes.

• ISO 14064 is consistent and compatible with the GHG Protocol, published by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). ISO, the WRI and the WBCSD have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to work together to promote their GHG accounting and reporting standards.
• The Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS), developed by The Climate Group (TCG), the International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) and the WBCSD specifically integrates the principles of ISO 14064 and uses the validation and verification requirements of ISO 14065.

Achieving international agreement on the quantification and verification of emissions trading is the key to supporting the development, networking and consistency of emissions credit trading schemes.

Communicating

ISO has developed a number of standards to ensure good practice in environmental claims and communications:

• ISO 14020:2000, Environmental labels and declarations - General principles.
• ISO 14063:2006, Environmental management -- Environmental communication -- Guidelines and examples.
• ISO 21930:2007, Sustainability in building construction – Environmental declaration of building products.

3. Promoting good practice in environmental management and design

The ISO 14000 family of standards for environmental management developed by ISO technical committee ISO/TC 207 is firmly established as the global benchmark for good practice in this area.

ISO 14001:2004, Environmental management systems – Requirements with guidance for use, contributes to any organizations objectives to operate in an environmentally sustainable manner. Up to the end of December 2006, more than 129 000 ISO 14001:2004 certificates of conformity had been issued to private and public sector organizations in 140 countries and economies. The ISO 14000 family includes supporting tools for environmental management and designing environmentally friendly products and services:

• ISO 14004:2004, Environmental management systems – General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques.
• ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework.

4. Opening world markets forenergy efficient technologies

International Standards can also be the vehicle for the dissemination of innovative technologies, particularly for alternative and renewable sources, by reducing time to market, creating global interest and developing a critical mass of support to ensure the economic success of such technologies. ISO Standards are among the leading objective tools that assist policy-makers in decisions related to public incentives, regulations and use of standards, thus encouraging the judicious and widespread use of such innovative technologies. ISO has already developed standards with an impact on climate change for areas such as nuclear energy, solar energy, hydrogen technologies, intelligent transport systems, building environment design and sustainability in building construction.

ISO's proactive stance on climate change matters has resulted in the initiation of ISO work on biofuels, energy management systems and the examination of new opportunities in energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. ISO maintains its close cooperation with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and has additionally partnered with the OECD's International Energy Agency (IEA) and the World Energy Council (WEC) in joint initiatives related to this field.

source : www.iso.org

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MENGENAL RoHS

(Oleh Okasatria Novyanto)

Jika anda bermaksud membeli produk-produk Elektronik seperti : Notebook Compaq V3614AU, Thumbdrive (Flash Disc Nexus , Imation, Verbatim), dll. Cobalah amati dengan seksama pada label maupun pada permukaan produk-produk tersebut, pastikan disana terdapat keterangan yang menunjukan “RoHS” .
Nah, mungkin anda sebagai orang awang (End User) akan bertanya-tanya, Apa sebenarnya maksud dari tanda “RoHS” yang terdapat pada produk-produk elektronik tersebut.

Definisi
Ditinjau dari segi bahasa, RoHS merupakan singkatan dari Restriction of Hazardous Substances. Dan secara sederhana dapat dijelaskan bahwa RoHS merupakan suatu kebijakan yang mengatur tentang pengurangan kandungan zat-zat berbahaya yang masuk dalam produk elektronik dan listrik yang dilakukan “diawal siklus produk”. Maksud dari “diawal siklus produk” adalah bahwa penerapan kebijakan RoHS Compliance itu dilakukan mulai dari tahapan perencanaan design produk. Perlu diketahui bahwa secara umum untuk memproduksi suatu jenis produk (Misal : Thumbdrive atau Flash Disc) itu akan melalui beberapa tahapan proses, misalnya : perencanaan Design product yang meliputi pemilihan material, penentuan dimensi produk, Manufacturing Process Standard, feasibility study, dll. kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji coba beberapa produk untuk dilakukan IPQ (Initial Part Qualifying) yakni pengukuran 100% dimensi berdasarkan Drawing dan juga pengechekan kelengkapan dokument yang diperlukan, terus dilanjutkan dengan Pre-Production dan akhirnya Mass production (Dihasilkan produk jadi). Nah, dari penjelasan sederhana tadi seyogyanya pada tahapan pemilihan material tersebut, RoHS Compliance sudah ditempatkan sebagai prioritas utama. Dan pada tahapan IPQ diatas, sebenarnya dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu parameter deteksi untuk mencegah penggunaan material Non RoHS pada produk-produk elektronik dan listrik tersebut.

Dasar Hukum dan Tujuan RoHS
Rekomendasi RoHS Compliance sebagai suatu keharusan untuk semua produk elektronik dan listrik tentunya mempunyai suatu alasan yang jelas. Hal ini diperkuat dengan Keputusan Parlemen Uni Eropa 2002/95/EC yang mengharuskan semua produk elektronik dan listrik dipasaran Uni Eropa “RoHS Compliance”. Dalam Directive 2002/95/EC, Article 4.1 disebutkan bahwa siapa pun yang mengekspor peralatan elektronik atau listrik ke dalam negara Uni Eropa harus memastikan bahwa peralatan tersebut sudah memenuhi ketentuan RoHS. Untuk negara-negara Uni Eropa mulai efektif diimplementasikan semenjak tanggal 1 July 2006. Adanya kebijaksanaan ini bertujuan untuk melindungi kesehatan manusia atau lingkungan dan menata ulang pemakaian zat-zat berbahaya dalam produk elektronik dan listrik.

Zat-Zat yang dimaksud dengan RoHS dan Maximum Concentration Value (MCV)
Zat-Zat yang dimaksud dengan RoHS sebagaimana tertera dalam Directive (2002/95/EC) adalah :
1. Lead (Pb) [MCV = 1000 ppm]
2. Cadmium (Cd) [MCV = 100 ppm]
3. Mercury (Hg) [MCV = 1000 ppm]
4. Hexavalent Chromium [MCV = 1000 ppm]
5. Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB) [MCV = 1000 ppm]
6. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE) [MCV = 1000 ppm]
Jika di Indonesia semua zat-zat diatas lazim disebut dengan Logam Berat.

Area Pengontrolan RoHS
Pada Penjelasan diatas disebutkan bahwa pada tahapan IPQ dapat digunakan sebagai parameter deteksi untuk mencegah penggunaan material Non RoHS. Dan pada dasarnya hal ini bukanlah suatu “harga mati” karena salah satu contoh Quality Control System yang baik adalah adanya penerapan self Inspection pada station atau section masing-masing yang tentunya tetap mempertimbangkan segi “Cost”. Nah, umunya pada perusahaan-perusahaan terkemukan pengontrolan RoHS dapat dilakukan pada :
a. Receiving Area
b. Incoming Part Area
c. Store Area
d. Production Area
e. Outgoing Area
f. Finish Good Area
g. Shipping Area
h. Dan Ruangan Lainnya.
Hal ini perlu dilakukan karena tidak menutup kemungkinan akan tercampur dengan material-material atau produk-produk Non RoHS mengingat kebijakan RoHS Compliance baru muncul pada tahun 2002 dan efektif sekitar tahun 2006. Pengontrolan pada area-area selain di IPQ dapat dilakukan dengan membuat garis batas identifikasi RoHS dan juga pengontrolan pada simbol-simbol RoHS Compliance. Untuk pengontrolan di IPQ harus dilakukan dengan pengujian RoHS (X-Ray Machine) dan tidak boleh hanya proses pengechekan kelengkapan dokument RoHS saja.

Bagaimanakah Cara Pengontrolan RoHS
1. Mengurangi sampah dari proses pabrik dengan cara pemakaian ulang dan daur ulang material
2. Pemakaian produk-produk yang hemat energi
3. Bekerjasama dengan supplier dan customer untuk menggambarkan kebutuhan dan solusi terapan pengurangan atau penghapusan zat-zat berbahaya
4. Hanya membeli barang-barang yang ramah lingkungan dan memenuhi ketentuan RoHS

Kategori produk yang dipengaruhi ketentuan RoHS
a. Peralatan besar rumah tangga (misal : AC, Washing Machine, Microwave oven, dll.)
b. Peralatan kecil rumah tangga (misal : Setrika, Pemanggang roti, Vacuum cleaner, dll.)
c. Peralatan Telekomunikasi dan Teknologi Informasi (misal : Printer, Telepon, Notebook, Flash Disc, dll.)
d. Peralatan Hiburan (misal : Radio, Televisi, Video Camera, dll.)
e. Peralatan Penerangan (misal : Lampu Pijar, dll.)
f. Perkakas Listrik dan Elektronik (misal : Bor, Gergaji, Mesin jahit, dll.)
g. Peralatan Olahraga dan Mainan anak (misal : Video game, Mainan kereta listrik, dll.)
h. Dispenser Otomatis (misal : Hot Drink, dll.)

Contoh simbol-simbol RoHS yang umum digunakan pada part, material dan produk
(source okasatria.blogspot.com)

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RoHS Compliance FAQ

What is RoHS?
RoHS is the acronym for Restriction of Hazardous Substances. RoHS, also known as Directive 2002/95/EC, originated in the European Union and restricts the use of specific hazardous materials found in electrical and electronic products. All applicable products in the EU market after July 1, 2006 must pass RoHS compliance. For the complete directive, see Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament.

What are the restricted materials mandated under RoHS?
The substances banned under RoHS are lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (CrVI), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE).

Why is RoHS compliance important?
The restricted materials are hazardous to the environment and pollute landfills, and are dangerous in terms of occupational exposure during manufacturing and recycling.

How are products tested for RoHS compliance?
Portable RoHS analyzers, also known as X-ray fluorescence or XRF metal analyzers, are used for screening and verification of RoHS compliance.

Which companies are affected by the RoHS Directive?
Any business that sells applicable electronic products, sub-assemblies or components directly to EU countries, or sells to resellers, distributors or integrators that in turn sell products to EU countries, is impacted if they utilize any of the restricted materials.

What is WEEE?
WEEE is the acronym for Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment. WEEE, also known as Directive 2002/96/EC, mandates the treatment, recovery and recycling of electric and electronic equipment. All applicable products in the EU market after August 13, 2006 must pass WEEE compliance and carry the "Wheelie Bin" sticker. For the complete directive, see Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament.

How are RoHS and WEE related?
WEEE compliance aims to encourage the design of electronic products with environmentally-safe recycling and recovery in mind. RoHS compliance dovetails into WEEE by reducing the amount of hazardous chemicals used in electronic manufacture.

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